Felodipine inhibits nuclear translocation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and human smooth muscle cell growth.

OBJECTIVE Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation contributes to vascular structural changes in cardiovascular disease. Ca(2+) antagonists exert antiproliferative effects and may also be clinically beneficial in the patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of action remain elusive. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), in particular p42/44mapk plays a central role in cell proliferation. We hypothesise that Ca(2+) antagonists inhibit cell proliferation by interfering with the p42/44mapk pathway in human SMC. METHODS SMC were cultured from human aorta. Cell proliferation was analysed by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Activation of p42/44mapk and the nuclear target protein Elk-1 was analysed by phosphorylation and p42/44mapk nuclear translocation by confocal microscope. RESULTS PDGF-BB (10 ng/ml) stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation, phosphorylated p42/44mapk, caused nuclear translocation of the enzymes and phosphorylated the nuclear target protein Elk-1. Felodipine (10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/l) inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation to PDGF-BB, had no effect on p42/44mapk phosphorylation. However, p42/44mapk nuclear translocation and Elk-1 activation stimulated by PDGF-BB were prevented by the Ca(2+) antagonist. CONCLUSION Activation of p42/44mapk, subsequent nuclear translocation and activation of Elk-1 are essentially associated with human SMC proliferation. The Ca(2+) antagonist felodipine prevents p42/44mapk nuclear translocation (but not its activation) associated with inhibition of human SMC growth.